4/2017
Veronika Šnajdrová, Tomáš Hlinčík, Lenka Jílková, Veronika Vrbová, Karel Ciahotný
The paper focuses on the synthesis and characteri-zation selected catalysts suitable for methanation of carbon dioxide with hydrogen. As a carrier of all the catalysts studied, a boehmite which was calcined at 500 °C was used. On this carrier were subsequently applied following catalysts: Ni, No-Co and Ni-Mo. The first part deals with a detailed description of the synthesis and characterization of the catalysts support. The second part describes the procedures for the preparation of individual catalysts, including their subsequent characteristics. Depending on the number of impregnations, the following parameters are observed: representation of the active element/elements, the specific surface area of the catalyst and total pore volume. All catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. Impregnation for all catalysts was performed 10 times. Multiple impregnation has a positive effect on the representation of the active element in the catalysts. This is caused by the specific surface area is decreasing, as is attributed to the increasing content of the active elements in the catalysts.
František Skácel, Viktor Tekáč
Domestic thermal units (DTU) combusting various solid and/or fluid fuels are significant source of air pollution. Their contributions to the air quality should be taken into account. Criteria pollutants emission factors are quite high and exceed those of huge fireplaces. Emission factors of CO, SO2, NO2, TOC, SPM and POPs for different fuels and appliances were calculated on the recently measured values. Those factors would be used for evaluation of a real impact of small appliances on the ambient air.
Marek Staf
The paper deals with an actual topic – the sequestration of CO2 emitted by the selected heavy-industrial branch in the Czech Republic. Metallurgy, and especially iron and steel production, and subsequent processing represents the fourth most significant source of CO2 in the country.
The target of the study was to assess, whether the metallurgical facilities allow effective implementation of the method for regenerative high-temperature sorption of CO2.
A list of technical criteria was elaborated in order to assess the premises of each individual metallurgical company. These criteria were as follows: characterisation of the process emitting CO2, fuels or reactants used in the process, temperature conditions, lifetime expectancy of the technology, possibility of installing a unit for steam regeneration of the sorbent, and other parameters which potentially limit application of the discussed CCS method.
Based on the national database NIR, a complete list of the metallurgical companies was elaborated, from which the facilities accomplishing the assessing criteria were selected.
Blast furnaces, coke ovens, iron ore agglomeration and basic oxygen furnaces for the steelmaking process were identified as the key technologies responsible for CO2 emissions in metallurgy.
One of the critical parameters was also prediction of future production of crude iron and steel in the Czech Republic. The estimation was extrapolated from the statistic data during last 30 years.
From the point of view of the possibilities of CO2 capture, the actual situation in the sector of metallurgy was compared with the conditions in coal-fired power plants, heating plants and ERFs combusting municipal solid waste. The main difference was identified in spreading the parts of technology emitting CO2 within a large area of premises of metallurgical companies. This problem moved the author of this study to reduce proportionally the amount of CO2 which could be separated using the carbonate looping method. The verification that five major metallurgical facilities in the Czech Republic are capable to implement the CCS technology represents the main outcome of the study. It was found that ca. 4.106 tons of CO2 can be effectively captured from the overall weight of 5.8.106 tons emitted by these facilities annually.
