4/2018
Preparation of impregnated material for separation of CO2
he aim of the work was to prepare a suitable sorption material, which can be used for low-temperature carbon dioxide sorption from flue gases and waste gases. First, several possible types of sorption materials were selected that could be used for sorption of carbon dioxide and at the same time increase the sorption capacity by subsequent impregnation with a suitable impregnating agent. Additionally, a suitable impregnating agent and the impregnation process of the sorption material were selected. Subsequently, the properties of the original and impregnated materials and their sorption capacity were determined for varies concentrations of carbon dioxide in the model gas mixture. The measurement results were compared with the static carbon dioxide sorption capacity measurement. Sorption capacities were tested at 30 °C. Additionally were also tested the thermal regeneration of carbon dioxidesaturated materials by temperatures of 30 °C and 60 °C.
A review on dual fluidized bed steam gasification of pelletized solid biofuel
Agricultural feedstock can be a sustainable biofuel option when they perform significant calorific value and high ash deforming temperature recorded. An appropriate gasification system particularly designed for solid biofuel provides an opportunity for combined heat and power generation in gas engine or gas turbine. In further, high calorific product gas, practically free of nitrogen, can be utilized for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of liquid biofuels and also for production of bio synthetic natural gas or other related gaseous products. The report provides an overall review on the dual fluidized bed steam gasifier performance on feedstock pellets at temperatures between 760 °C and 810 °C. Calcite (250 - 600 μm) with mainly CaCO3 in compositions and olivine sand (100 - 300 μm) were used as bed material for the reactor. Mass and energy balances were established on the base of stationary process simulations with IPSEpro. Physio-chemical characterization of solid biofuels were analysed and their ash fusion were evaluated. The interference on steady state operation in term of bed material agglomeration effects was discussed. Various tests on solid biofuels and further investigation on co-gasification of biomass are recommended before further scale-up.
International research of the application of flue ashes for CO2 sorption
The paper provides basic information on the presently realized international project addressing the use of fly ashes, separated by ESPs of power plants and heating plants, for reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. The consortium of participants includes research organizations from Greece, Czech Republic, Germany and Poland. The sample base is continuously collected across the listed countries. Experiments, which aim is evaluation of the sorption properties at various conditions (t, p, flue gas composition etc.), are divided among cooperating partners. Within the research activities the ways, providing cheap sorbents, derived from a waste and massively produced materials, but enabling to economically separate carbon dioxide, are searched. Post combustion CO2 capture from flue gas is considered as a target application of the sorbents. Among other things the paper summarizes data on analytical and experimental methods that are used in the course of the project to characterize the sample base, to measure sorption properties and to improve them. Besides the laboratory methods, including XRF analysis, BET surface measurement, laboratory sorption apparatuses and so on, the article briefly mentions also a pilot scale unit. Its installation is currently realized in order to verify the results obtained during the laboratory tests.
Laboratory pyrolysis and combustion of poorly treatable biowastes
Pyrolysis of two types of biowaste whose use and processing are problematic, orange peel and apricot stones, provided a gas with a lower heating value of 11–14 MJ/m3, which can be, after improving, further used as the energetic gas. The obtained bio-oils exhibited a higher heating value of 30–32 MJ/kg and may be used as fuel oils; considering the large number of organic substances present in these oils, they can be alternatively utilized as a source of chemicals. Moreover, the pyrolysis further produced 27–29 wt.% of solid carbonaceous residue with a higher heating value of 33–35 MJ/kg, so, it may be used as auxiliary fuel for common solid fuels. Considered biowastes were further combusted and utilization of ashes obtained was investigated. It was found that ashes from the types of wastes studied can be used for the preparation of fertilisers for agricultural lands, because they contain significant amounts of essential elements – phosphorus, potassium and magnesium as well as calcium and sulphur.
Impact of a reduced supply of hydrogen on the activity of hydrodesulphurization catalyst
Marine Fuels after 2020 II
Nowadays it is clear that the changes caused by the sulphur cap 2020 will be reflected into the whole refinery sector – from crude oil retailers, refineries, fuel traders, additive manufacturers to end-users. Last year, the article (Marine fuels after 2020 in Paliva) dealing with this issue was published but it is necessary to continuously refine and update partial estimates. For these reasons, this article is summarizing the current situation and the predicted development after 2020 is presented. It seems that the key role for the coming period will be the production of the so-called 0.5 % fuel containing max 0.5 wt% of sulphur. Expected consumption of 0.5 fuel will be higher by 40 %. However, it is clear that alternative fuels, such as methanol or LNG, are a promise for the future, especially with regard to further planned legislative constraints. Last but not least, hybrid systems that combine current engines with alternative technologies will also play an unforgettable role.